摘要 :
As for shortcomings of the comprehensive evaluation system on traditional TV programs such as single data source, ignorance of new media as well as the high time cost and difficulty of making surveys, a new evaluation of TV series...
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As for shortcomings of the comprehensive evaluation system on traditional TV programs such as single data source, ignorance of new media as well as the high time cost and difficulty of making surveys, a new evaluation of TV series is proposed in this paper, which has a perspective in cross-platform multidimensional evaluation after broadcasting. This scheme considers the data directly collected from cable television and the Internet as research objects. It's based on TOPSIS principle, after preprocessing and calculation of the data, they become primary indicators that reflect different profiles of the viewing of TV series. Then after the process of reasonable empowerment and summation by the six methods(PCA, AHP, etc.), the primary indicators form the composite indices on different channels or websites. The scheme avoids the inefficiency and difficulty of survey and marking; At the same time, it not only reflects different dimensions of viewing, but also combinds TV media and new media, completing the multidimensional comprehensive evaluation of TV series on cross-platform.
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摘要 :
As for shortcomings of the comprehensive evaluation system on traditional TV programs such as single data source, ignorance of new media as well as the high time cost and difficulty of making surveys, a new evaluation of TV series...
展开
As for shortcomings of the comprehensive evaluation system on traditional TV programs such as single data source, ignorance of new media as well as the high time cost and difficulty of making surveys, a new evaluation of TV series is proposed in this paper, which has a perspective in cross-platform multidimensional evaluation after broadcasting. This scheme considers the data directly collected from cable television and the Internet as research objects. It's based on TOPSIS principle, after preprocessing and calculation of the data, they become primary indicators that reflect different profiles of the viewing of TV series. Then after the process of reasonable empowerment and summation by the six methods (PCA, AHP, etc.), the primary indicators form the composite indices on different channels or websites. The scheme avoids the inefficiency and difficulty of survey and marking; At the same time, it not only reflects different dimensions of viewing, but also combinds TV media and new media, completing the multidimensional comprehensive evaluation of TV series on cross-platform.
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摘要 :
In China,the utilization of biomass and in particular biomass wastes plays an important role for energy production and is an essential element of the national energy supply strategy.During the 11th Five-Year Plan Period (2006-2010...
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In China,the utilization of biomass and in particular biomass wastes plays an important role for energy production and is an essential element of the national energy supply strategy.During the 11th Five-Year Plan Period (2006-2010),the central governmental investment in biogas was 21.2 billion RMB (2.7 billion ∈) totally and for the 12th FYP it will be even increased.China has abundant feedstock for producing biogas available.With current feedstock,the biogas may cover about more than 10％ of the total energy demand in China in 2030.Biogas plants are developed in all provinces.By the end of 2011,there were 80,500 biogas plants,with the biogas production of 15 billion m3,which was about 11％ of the natural gas consumption and which reduces annually more than 60 million tons of carbon dioxide emission.However,most of the biogas plants are based on manure feed,the investment compared to Europe is high,the quality and life-time of the equipment is low and the overall performance is inefficient.The negative experiences leads to a low motivation to accept this technology on a commercial basis and to further investments in energy production from biomass wastes.The Sino-German Optimization of Biomass Utilization Project,implemented by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH jointly with the MOA partner Foreign Economic Cooperation Center (FECC),who is in charge of the ‘Integrated Renewable Biomass Energy Development Project',an investment loan of the Asian Development Bank (ADB),has the objective is to improve the technical standard and the operational performance of industrialised biogas plants that produce energy from biomass.It's to make biogas energy more attractive to state and private sector investment.Through the demonstration projects,trainings and policy advices,the project is enhancing the knowledge and competence in this sector based on the biogas success story in Germany.This project is part of the Sino-German Biogas Cooperation.
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摘要 :
In China,the utilization of biomass and in particular biomass wastes plays an important role for energy production and is an essential element of the national energy supply strategy.During the 11th Five-Year Plan Period (2006-2010...
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In China,the utilization of biomass and in particular biomass wastes plays an important role for energy production and is an essential element of the national energy supply strategy.During the 11th Five-Year Plan Period (2006-2010),the central governmental investment in biogas was 21.2 billion RMB (2.7 billion ∈) totally and for the 12th FYP it will be even increased.China has abundant feedstock for producing biogas available.With current feedstock,the biogas may cover about more than 10％ of the total energy demand in China in 2030.Biogas plants are developed in all provinces.By the end of 2011,there were 80,500 biogas plants,with the biogas production of 15 billion m3,which was about 11％ of the natural gas consumption and which reduces annually more than 60 million tons of carbon dioxide emission.However,most of the biogas plants are based on manure feed,the investment compared to Europe is high,the quality and life-time of the equipment is low and the overall performance is inefficient.The negative experiences leads to a low motivation to accept this technology on a commercial basis and to further investments in energy production from biomass wastes.The Sino-German Optimization of Biomass Utilization Project,implemented by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH jointly with the MOA partner Foreign Economic Cooperation Center (FECC),who is in charge of the ‘Integrated Renewable Biomass Energy Development Project',an investment loan of the Asian Development Bank (ADB),has the objective is to improve the technical standard and the operational performance of industrialised biogas plants that produce energy from biomass.It's to make biogas energy more attractive to state and private sector investment.Through the demonstration projects,trainings and policy advices,the project is enhancing the knowledge and competence in this sector based on the biogas success story in Germany.This project is part of the Sino-German Biogas Cooperation.
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摘要 :
Aluminum mirrors with high reflectivity have a wide range of applications in the vacuum ultraviolet, such as for space
observation, synchrotron radiation. Due to the oxidation of Al has great effect on the reflectivity below the ...
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Aluminum mirrors with high reflectivity have a wide range of applications in the vacuum ultraviolet, such as for space
observation, synchrotron radiation. Due to the oxidation of Al has great effect on the reflectivity below the wavelength of
160 nm, Al-protected mirrors have experienced significant development over the past years, particularly like Al overcoated
with LiF, MgF_2. This paper focuses on Al mirror over-coated with LiF, MgF_2 and LiF+MgF_2 in the wavelength
range of 105-130 nm. The mirrors are prepared by three steps thermal boat evaporation method. The reflectivity of mirrors
in the wavelength range of 105~130 nm is measuring at the National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) of China，
and the structural properties have been analyzed using grazing incidence X-ray reflectometer. Compared the reflectivity
of samples placed in the relative humidity of 40%, the reflectivity of Al + LiF mirrors has dropped significantly within 2
months, while the reflectivity of Al+MgF2 mirrors almost has no change within 30 months. The reflectivity of Al
+LiF+MgF_2 mirrors stored in the relative humidity of 40% performs well within 4 months and we will further study the
time stability.
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摘要 :
Aluminum mirrors with high reflectivity have a wide range of applications in the vacuum ultraviolet, such as for space
observation, synchrotron radiation. Due to the oxidation of Al has great effect on the reflectivity below the w...
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Aluminum mirrors with high reflectivity have a wide range of applications in the vacuum ultraviolet, such as for space
observation, synchrotron radiation. Due to the oxidation of Al has great effect on the reflectivity below the wavelength of
160 nm, Al-protected mirrors have experienced significant development over the past years, particularly like Al overcoated
with LiF, MgF_2. This paper focuses on Al mirror over-coated with LiF, MgF_2 and LiF+MgF_2 in the wavelength
range of 105-130 nm. The mirrors are prepared by three steps thermal boat evaporation method. The reflectivity of mirrors
in the wavelength range of 105~130 nm is measuring at the National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) of China，
and the structural properties have been analyzed using grazing incidence X-ray reflectometer. Compared the reflectivity
of samples placed in the relative humidity of 40%, the reflectivity of Al + LiF mirrors has dropped significantly within 2
months, while the reflectivity of Al+MgF2 mirrors almost has no change within 30 months. The reflectivity of Al
+LiF+MgF_2 mirrors stored in the relative humidity of 40% performs well within 4 months and we will further study the
time stability.
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摘要 :
High reflectivity of mirrors is very important for many applications in the vacuum ultraviolet, such as for space observation,
synchrotron radiation. This paper focuses on the substrate temperature’s effect on the performance of ...
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High reflectivity of mirrors is very important for many applications in the vacuum ultraviolet, such as for space observation,
synchrotron radiation. This paper focuses on the substrate temperature’s effect on the performance of Al mirrors when
depositing the upper MgF_2 layer. Al films are deposited on the substrates at room temperature by thermal evaporation, and
a 5 nm MgF_2 film is deposited on Al coating at room temperature immediately. Heating the substrate to various
temperatures ranging from room temperature to 350 ℃, then a 20 nm MgF_2 film is deposited on the surface of Al/MgF_2.
The thickness of each layer is characterized using grazing incidence x-ray reflectivity. The reflectivity of sample is
measured at the incident angle of 5° in the wavelength range of 105～130 nm. The reflectivity of all samples fabricated at
above room temperature is higher than the sample at room temperature below 115nm. The reflectivity of mirror at 350 ℃
temperature is lower than other mirrors, and the reflectivity of the samples at 300 ℃ and 200 ℃ is similar. There are more
black dots on the surface of mirror at 350 ℃ than 300 ℃, and no black dot on the surface of mirror at 200 ℃. The measured
results using surface profiler show that the black dots are small holes that increase the roughness of mirror and reduce the
reflectivity. So the best temperature for depositing the upper MgF_2 layer is in 200～300 ℃ to obtain high reflectivity of Al
mirrors in vacuum ultraviolet.
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摘要 :
High reflectivity of mirrors is very important for many applications in the vacuum ultraviolet, such as for space observation,
synchrotron radiation. This paper focuses on the substrate temperature’s effect on the performance of...
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High reflectivity of mirrors is very important for many applications in the vacuum ultraviolet, such as for space observation,
synchrotron radiation. This paper focuses on the substrate temperature’s effect on the performance of Al mirrors when
depositing the upper MgF_2 layer. Al films are deposited on the substrates at room temperature by thermal evaporation, and
a 5 nm MgF_2 film is deposited on Al coating at room temperature immediately. Heating the substrate to various
temperatures ranging from room temperature to 350 ℃, then a 20 nm MgF_2 film is deposited on the surface of Al/MgF_2.
The thickness of each layer is characterized using grazing incidence x-ray reflectivity. The reflectivity of sample is
measured at the incident angle of 5° in the wavelength range of 105～130 nm. The reflectivity of all samples fabricated at
above room temperature is higher than the sample at room temperature below 115nm. The reflectivity of mirror at 350 ℃
temperature is lower than other mirrors, and the reflectivity of the samples at 300 ℃ and 200 ℃ is similar. There are more
black dots on the surface of mirror at 350 ℃ than 300 ℃, and no black dot on the surface of mirror at 200 ℃. The measured
results using surface profiler show that the black dots are small holes that increase the roughness of mirror and reduce the
reflectivity. So the best temperature for depositing the upper MgF_2 layer is in 200～300 ℃ to obtain high reflectivity of Al
mirrors in vacuum ultraviolet.
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摘要 :
Fuzzy implications are one of basic connectives in both theoretical and applied communities of fuzzy set theory. The well known fuzzy implications are usually constructed in a specific way from t-norms, t-conorms and fuzzy negatio...
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Fuzzy implications are one of basic connectives in both theoretical and applied communities of fuzzy set theory. The well known fuzzy implications are usually constructed in a specific way from t-norms, t-conorms and fuzzy negations, and according to construction methods, they can be roughly classified into five classes, namely (S, N)-implication, R-implication, QL-implication, Yager's implication and ordinal sum implication. Recently, a new variant of (S, N)-implication, called (G, N)-implication, was introduced by relaxing the t-conorm in an (S, N)-implication to be a grouping function which plays an important role in many applications such as classification, decision making and image processing, in which the associative property is not necessary. The present paper continues to study some further properties of (G, N)-implications, and the main results are some characterizations of (G, N)-implications.
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摘要 :
Fuzzy implications are one of basic connectives in both theoretical and applied communities of fuzzy set theory. The well known fuzzy implications are usually constructed in a specific way from t-norms, t-conorms and fuzzy negatio...
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Fuzzy implications are one of basic connectives in both theoretical and applied communities of fuzzy set theory. The well known fuzzy implications are usually constructed in a specific way from t-norms, t-conorms and fuzzy negations, and according to construction methods, they can be roughly classified into five classes, namely (S, N)-implication, R-implication, QL-implication, Yager's implication and ordinal sum implication. Recently, a new variant of (S, N)-implication, called (G, N)-implication, was introduced by relaxing the t-conorm in an (S, N)-implication to be a grouping function which plays an important role in many applications such as classification, decision making and image processing, in which the associative property is not necessary. The present paper continues to study some further properties of (G, N)-implications, and the main results are some characterizations of (G, N)-implications.
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